.
Topic: The Topic I have chosen is Bathymetry. According to Edward J. Tarbuck and Frederick K. Lutgens (2012), “Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor” (p. 384).
Here is video of bathymetry in action. This is a video of Marina Trench from Youtube uploaded by Gabe Santiago.
(Gabe Santiago-2007)
Here is another video that shows Bathymetry not in the Marina Trench but in the North Sea. The name of this youtube video is Bathymetry of the North Sea uploaded by KlimaCampus.
(KilmaCampus-2010)
According to Tarbuck and Lutgens (2012):
“In today’s day and age, sound energy is used to measure water depths. The basic approach is to employs sonar. It stands for sound and navigation and ranging. An example of bathymetry in action is displayed after World War II. After World War II, the U.S. Navy developed sidescan sonars to look for explosive devices that had been deployed in shipping lanes. By combining the swaths of sidescan sonar data, researchers produced the first photograph-like images of the seafloor. Even they produced images of the sea floor the U.S. Navy did not provide any bathymetric (water depth) data. In the 1990s the high-resolution multibeam sonar instruments were developed. The high-resolution multibeam sonar instruments used hull-mounted sound sources that send out a fan of sound and then record reflections from the seafloor through a set of narrowly focused receivers aimed at different angles. This technique makes it possible for a survey ship to map features of the ocean floor along strips of kilometers wide. It would take at least 100 vessels outfitted with multibeam sonar equipment hundreds of years to map the entire sea floor. This explains why only five percent of the sea floor has been mapped in detail and why large portions of the sea floor have not yet been mapped with sonar at all”. Even with this technology only five percent of the seafloor has been mapped in detail. It really shows how wide and vast the ocean is. (p. 384-385)
In Evaluation of Methodologies for the Determinatıon of Bathymetry(2012):
“The coastal oceanographic research and the protection of the watery environment required the use of the high accuracy bathymetric data.Using Lidar and Radar Bathymetry was expensive, but provided bathymetric data that has high resolution and accuracy. A recent progress towards this direction has been achieved with the launch of the satellite system WorldView-2 (WV-2). The satellite was placed into orbit in October 8, 2009, it gives 8 spectral bands collecting panchromatic and multispectral imagery with a spatial resolution of 46cm and 180cm respectively (DigitalGlobe 2011). In this research an evaluation of different methodologies for the determination of bathymetry information with the use of the multispectral WV-2 is presented”(p. 57)
In the Evaluation of Methodologies for Determination of Bathymetry (2012): "The infrared bands of the satellite WV-2 image (capture date: 03/04/2010, spatial resolution 0.5m panchromatic, 2.0m multispectral 8 bands) determined the water surface and the boundaries of the reservoir (Zhongwei, 2008) on the image capture date. The DTM points assisted the identification of 17 pixels, which define the reservoir boundaries (Figure 3). The pixels are mainly located exactly on the boundary of the ground water. According to Table 2, the elevation of 855.51m corresponds to the highest flooding level of the reservoir"(p.59). Table 2 shoes the data gathered of the average elevation of reservoir levels. This is table 2:
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
The dam has a total length of 205m, a width of 8m and the total volume of the reservoir is 5,500,000 m3(Table 1).
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
The table shows that the top of the top is 857m. The maximum flood water level is 855.47m. The maximum top water level is 852m. The minimum top water level is 830m. The Riverbed elevation is 806m. This data is for the Pramorista Dam.
This a photo from the article depicting a photograph of bathymetry.
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
In Evaluation of Methodologies for the Determinatıon of Bathymetry(2012):
"Initially, a buffer area of several meters outside the boundary of the water surface was created and the DTM points that were included in this zone were isolated. Then, only the points with elevations up to 855.51m were taken into account. The result is that the reservoir absolute elevations range from 807.01m to 855.44m. Correspondingly, the reservoir relative depths range from 0m to 48.4m" (Figure 4)(p.59).
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
Works Cited
Kaimaris, D., Patias, P., & Stylianidis, E. (2012). Evaluation of Methodologies for the Determinatıon of Bathymetry Using Worldview-2 Imagery: a Case Study at Lake Pramoritsa, Greece. Applied Remote Sensing Journal, 2(2). Retrieved October 19, 2013, from__http://www.asciencejournal.net/asj/index.php/ARS/article/view/440__
Tarbuck, E. J., & Lutgens, F. K. (2012). Chapter 13: The Ocean Floor. . Earth science (13th ed., pp. 384-385). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Pearson.
Topic: The Topic I have chosen is Bathymetry. According to Edward J. Tarbuck and Frederick K. Lutgens (2012), “Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor” (p. 384).
Here is video of bathymetry in action. This is a video of Marina Trench from Youtube uploaded by Gabe Santiago.
(Gabe Santiago-2007)
Here is another video that shows Bathymetry not in the Marina Trench but in the North Sea. The name of this youtube video is Bathymetry of the North Sea uploaded by KlimaCampus.
(KilmaCampus-2010)
According to Tarbuck and Lutgens (2012):
“In today’s day and age, sound energy is used to measure water depths. The basic approach is to employs sonar. It stands for sound and navigation and ranging. An example of bathymetry in action is displayed after World War II. After World War II, the U.S. Navy developed sidescan sonars to look for explosive devices that had been deployed in shipping lanes. By combining the swaths of sidescan sonar data, researchers produced the first photograph-like images of the seafloor. Even they produced images of the sea floor the U.S. Navy did not provide any bathymetric (water depth) data. In the 1990s the high-resolution multibeam sonar instruments were developed. The high-resolution multibeam sonar instruments used hull-mounted sound sources that send out a fan of sound and then record reflections from the seafloor through a set of narrowly focused receivers aimed at different angles. This technique makes it possible for a survey ship to map features of the ocean floor along strips of kilometers wide. It would take at least 100 vessels outfitted with multibeam sonar equipment hundreds of years to map the entire sea floor. This explains why only five percent of the sea floor has been mapped in detail and why large portions of the sea floor have not yet been mapped with sonar at all”. Even with this technology only five percent of the seafloor has been mapped in detail. It really shows how wide and vast the ocean is. (p. 384-385)
In Evaluation of Methodologies for the Determinatıon of Bathymetry(2012):
“The coastal oceanographic research and the protection of the watery environment required the use of the high accuracy bathymetric data.Using Lidar and Radar Bathymetry was expensive, but provided bathymetric data that has high resolution and accuracy. A recent progress towards this direction has been achieved with the launch of the satellite system WorldView-2 (WV-2). The satellite was placed into orbit in October 8, 2009, it gives 8 spectral bands collecting panchromatic and multispectral imagery with a spatial resolution of 46cm and 180cm respectively (DigitalGlobe 2011). In this research an evaluation of different methodologies for the determination of bathymetry information with the use of the multispectral WV-2 is presented”(p. 57)
In the Evaluation of Methodologies for Determination of Bathymetry (2012):
"The infrared bands of the satellite WV-2 image (capture date: 03/04/2010, spatial resolution 0.5m panchromatic, 2.0m multispectral 8 bands) determined the water surface and the boundaries of the reservoir (Zhongwei, 2008) on the image capture date. The DTM points assisted the identification of 17 pixels, which define the reservoir boundaries (Figure 3). The pixels are mainly located exactly on the boundary of the ground water. According to Table 2, the elevation of 855.51m corresponds to the highest flooding level of the reservoir"(p.59). Table 2 shoes the data gathered of the average elevation of reservoir levels.
This is table 2:
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
The dam has a total length of 205m, a width of 8m and the total volume of the reservoir is 5,500,000 m3(Table 1).
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
The table shows that the top of the top is 857m. The maximum flood water level is 855.47m. The maximum top water level is 852m. The minimum top water level is 830m. The Riverbed elevation is 806m. This data is for the Pramorista Dam.
This a photo from the article depicting a photograph of bathymetry.
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
In Evaluation of Methodologies for the Determinatıon of Bathymetry(2012):
"Initially, a buffer area of several meters outside the boundary of the water surface was created and the DTM points that were included in this zone were isolated. Then, only the points with elevations up to 855.51m were taken into account. The result is that the reservoir absolute elevations range from 807.01m to 855.44m. Correspondingly, the reservoir relative depths range from 0m to 48.4m" (Figure 4)(p.59).
Kaimaris,Patias,Styliandis(2012)
Works Cited
Kaimaris, D., Patias, P., & Stylianidis, E. (2012). Evaluation of Methodologies for the Determinatıon of Bathymetry Using Worldview-2 Imagery: a Case Study at Lake Pramoritsa, Greece. Applied Remote Sensing Journal, 2(2). Retrieved October 19, 2013, from __http://www.asciencejournal.net/asj/index.php/ARS/article/view/440__
Tarbuck, E. J., & Lutgens, F. K. (2012). Chapter 13: The Ocean Floor. . Earth science (13th ed., pp. 384-385). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Pearson.
__Santiago, G. (2007, March 15). Mariana Trench. //YouTube//. Retrieved November 1, 2013, from__ __http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5D3VkGkU5Dw&list=PL92C8665426264F94__
__Ulman, C. (2010, September 4). Bathymetry of the North Sea. //YouTube//. Retrieved November 1, 2013,__ from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XS1JrfUtnw&list=PL92C8665426264F94
Kunal Patel